A cikin bazara na wannan shekara, Amurkawa sun cika da zato game da masana'antar guntu.A cikin watan Maris, an fara gina wani juji da buldoza a gundumar Lijin da ke jihar Ohio ta Amurka, inda za a gina wata masana'anta a nan gaba.Intel zai kafa masana'antun "wafer" guda biyu a can, tare da farashin kusan dala biliyan 20.A cikin jawabinsa na Kungiyar Tarayyar Turai, Shugaba Biden ya ce wannan kasa “kasa ce ta mafarki”.Ya yi nishi cewa wannan shine "tushen ginshiƙin makomar Amurka".
Yanayin annoba a cikin shekaru ya tabbatar da mahimmancin kwakwalwan kwamfuta ga rayuwar zamani.Bukatar fasahar sarrafa guntu iri-iri har yanzu tana tashi, kuma ana amfani da waɗannan fasahohin a yawancin fagage a yau.Majalisar dokokin Amurka tana nazarin kudirin doka, wanda ya yi alkawarin samar da tallafin da ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 52 ga masana’antu na cikin gida don rage dogaro da Amurka kan masana’antar guntu na ketare da kuma tallafawa ayyukan kamar masana’antar Intel ta Ohio.
Duk da haka, bayan watanni shida, waɗannan mafarkai sun zama kamar mafarki mai ban tsoro.Bukatar silicon da alama tana raguwa da sauri kamar yadda ta girma yayin annoba.
Micron Technologies Chip Factory
A cewar gidan yanar gizon The Economist a ranar 17 ga Oktoba, a ƙarshen Satumba, tallace-tallace na kwata-kwata na Micron Technologies, mai kera guntu ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai hedkwata a Idaho, ya faɗi da kashi 20% a shekara.Mako guda bayan haka, kamfanin kera guntu na California Chaowei Semiconductor ya rage hasashen tallace-tallacensa na kwata na uku da kashi 16%.Bloomberg ya ruwaito cewa Intel ya fitar da sabon rahotonsa na kwata a ranar 27 ga Oktoba. Za a iya ci gaba da samun sakamako mara kyau, sannan kamfanin ya yi shirin korar dubban ma'aikata.Tun daga watan Yuli, kusan 30 daga cikin manyan kamfanoni na guntu a Amurka sun rage hasashen kudaden shiga a kashi na uku daga dala biliyan 99 zuwa dala biliyan 88.Ya zuwa yanzu a wannan shekarar, jimillar darajar kasuwar kamfanoni masu sarrafa na'ura da aka jera a Amurka ta ragu da fiye da dala tiriliyan 1.5.
A cewar rahoton, masana'antar guntu kuma ta shahara saboda yawan lokaci a mafi kyawun lokaci: za a ɗauki shekaru da yawa don gina sabon ƙarfin don biyan buƙatun girma, sannan buƙatun ba zai ƙara zama fari mai zafi ba.A Amurka, gwamnati na inganta wannan zagayowar.Ya zuwa yanzu, masana'antar kayayyakin masarufi sun fi jin daɗi game da koma bayan tattalin arziki.Kwamfutoci na sirri da wayoyin hannu sun kai kusan rabin dala biliyan 600 na tallace-tallacen guntu na shekara-shekara.Sakamakon almubazzaranci da aka yi a lokacin annobar, masu sayayya da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ya shafa suna sayen kayayyaki kaɗan kaɗan.Gartner yana tsammanin tallace-tallacen wayoyin hannu zai faɗi 6% a wannan shekara, yayin da tallace-tallace na PC zai faɗi 10%.A cikin watan Fabrairun wannan shekara, Intel ya gaya wa masu zuba jari cewa yana sa ran cewa bukatar kwamfutoci na sirri za su yi girma a hankali a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa.Koyaya, a bayyane yake cewa sayayya da yawa yayin barkewar COVID-19 sun haɓaka, kuma irin waɗannan kamfanoni suna daidaita abubuwan da suke so.
Yawancin manazarta sun yi imanin cewa rikicin na gaba zai iya yaduwa a wasu yankuna.Siyan firgici yayin ƙarancin guntu na duniya a bara ya haifar da hajojin siliki da yawa ga masana'antun kera motoci da masu kera kayan kasuwanci na kasuwanci.Binciken New Titin ya kiyasta cewa daga watan Afrilu zuwa Yuni, tallace-tallacen dangi na gungun masana'antun masana'antu ya kai kusan 40% sama da kololuwar tarihi.Masu kera PC da kamfanonin mota ma suna da wadata.Kamfanin Intel da Micron Technologies sun dangana wani bangare na raunin aikin kwanan nan zuwa manyan kayayyaki.
Yawan wadata da ƙarancin buƙata sun riga sun shafi farashin.Dangane da bayanan Future Vision, farashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ya ragu da kashi biyu cikin biyar a cikin shekarar da ta gabata.Farashin guntuwar dabaru waɗanda ke sarrafa bayanai kuma ba su da ciniki fiye da kwakwalwan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya sun ragu da 3% a lokaci guda.
Bugu da kari, jaridar Wall Street Journal ta kasar Amurka ta ruwaito cewa, kasar Amurka ta zuba jari mai tsoka a fannin sarrafa na'ura, amma duniya ta riga ta aiwatar da wasu abubuwan karfafa gwiwar kera guntu a ko'ina, lamarin da kuma ya sa kokarin Amurka ya zama mai yuwuwar zama wata kasa. mirage.Koriya ta Kudu tana da jerin ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙarfafawa don ƙarfafa saka hannun jari na kusan dala biliyan 260 a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa.Kasar Japan na zuba jarin kusan dala biliyan 6 don ninka kudaden shigarta na guntu a karshen wannan shekaru goma.
A haƙiƙa, Ƙungiyar Masana'antu ta Amurka Semiconductor, ƙungiyar cinikayyar masana'antu, ta kuma gane cewa kusan kashi uku cikin huɗu na ƙarfin kera guntu na duniya ana rarrabawa a Asiya.Amurka ta yi lissafin kashi 13 ne kawai.
Lokacin aikawa: Nov-03-2022